Valentinus taught, in second century A.D., esoteric teachings which Jesus passed on in secret to his disciples. He claimed that he was told of these by his own teacher, Theudas, who was a disciple of Saint Paul. My main interest in the Gnostic teachings, particularly the particularities of Valentinus' teachings, is the cosmogony (the study of the origin of the universe). I'll try to summarize from
this great page right here for you. (With parts blatantly plagiarized).
Valentinians believe that God is incomprehensible and cannot be known directly. This means that God is indescribable, infinite, and the whole nine yards. God is the beginning and the end, and the middle as well. He existed before there was anything to exist and will exist long after. If you would like to think of God as a androgynous figure standing outside a box, and the box is our entire existence (universe, matter, dark energy, time, space), and he is also the box and everything inside of it, then OK. (Either that or God is a androgynous (or male-female dyad) individual and our entire existence composed of it. I like that one). Either way, to piss on skeptics and atheists, God existed before there was anything to exist. Before time, there was God. But, it's not possible to know who or what God is. God is. That's it.
The androgynous vision of God is based on the notion that God is composed of two separate parts, with feminine and masculine aspects. The feminine aspect is called Silence, Grace and Thought. Silence is God's primordial state of tranquility and self-awareness, She is also the active creative Thought that makes all subsequent states of being substantial. The masculine aspect of God is Depth, also called Ineffable and First Father. Depth is the profoundly incomprehensible, all-encompassing aspect of the deity. He is essentially passive, yet when move to action by his feminine Though, he gives the universe form.
This form, our universe, potentially came to be via the two separate aspects of God forming the Son (another androgynous being). The Son manifests himself in twenty-six spiritual entities (or "Aeons) arranged into male-female pairs. Getting into the specifics of them is pointless. The Aeons represent the energies immanent within the Son and were seen as part of his personality. Together they constitute the Fullness (pleroma) of the Godhead.
The Aeons who are manifested by the Son are conceived as having some degree of psychological independence. They lie within God but are separated from him. As result, they do not know the one who brought them into being. The Aeons (much like humanity?) sensed that they were incomplete and longed to know their origin.
The longing was passed to Sophia (Wisdom), the youngest of the Aeons. On behalf of the whole Fullness, she took up the quest to know the supreme Parent. She attempted to know him by thinking alone, something that is impossible. As a result, she became separated from the group and fell into a state of deficiency and suffering. Due to the Limit (below), she was divided in two, one being cast off and the other half returned to her consort, her family, stronger and knowing that God is unknowable. Her lower half became the realm called deficiency, which is identical to the physical world.
The Valentinians envisioned the universe (wrong choice of word) as a series of concentric spheres. The innermost sphere is the world, called deficiency, where the lower Sophia was exiled. Enclosing this is the Fullness (pleroma) where the Aeons are. The Aeons are enclosed within the Son. The outermost sphere which encompasses the Son is where the Father (Depth and Silence) is. There is a boundary, or Limit, between God and the Fullness. There is another between the Fullness and the deficiency. Just as the Fullness is a product of the Godhead and lies within it, so also the realm of deficiency is a product of the Fullness and lies within it. The deficiency arose as result of ignorance and it will be dissolved through knowledge (gnosis).
Through the meditation of the Son, the Aeons within the Fullness were given the knowledge (gnosis) of God and received rest. All of the Aeons then joined together in celebration and became completely integrated into the personality of the Son. The reintegrated Son is also called the Savior. He is destined to be the male partner or bridegroom of the fallen Sophia.
The lower Sophia, trapped in the realm of deficiency, continued to suffer the emotional torments of grief,fear, and confusion. As a result of this, she was trapped in a state of illusion, unable to distinguish what was real from what was unreal. She underwent a conversion when she thought of the light and she began to plea for assistance. In response, the Savior descended the Limit to her. Through knowledge of the eternal form she was freed of illusion and suffering.
The states of being or "substances" came into being from Sophia as a result of her quest to know God. First the illusion which characterizes material existence came from ignorance and suffering; is it personified as the Devil. Second came soul which comes from conversion as an intermediate stage between ignorance and knowledge, it is personified as the Craftsman (demiurge) who forms the material world. Last, the spiritual seed came from her knowledge and is personified in the lower Sophia herself.
Despite the fact that the lower Sophia was no longer ignorant, the ignorance was not fully dissipated. The spiritual seeds were immature and needed training. For this reason, the creation of the material world was necessary. The lower Sophia and the Savior secretly influenced the Craftsman to created the material world in the image of the Fullness. The craftsman is ignorant of his mother and thinks that he acts alone, but he unconsciously acts as her agent.
Human beings were created by the Craftsman. In addition to a physical body, Valentinians believed that people were composed of three non-corporeal elements: a demonic part (chous), a rational soul (psyche), and a spiritual seed (pneuma). Human beings were divided into three types depending on which of the three natures is dominant within them. That is why Adam and Eve are described as having had three children who they named Cain, Abel and Seth. They are the prototypes of carnal (choic), animate (psychic) and spiritual (pneumatic) human beings respectively.
The decisive event in the history of the world was the ministry of Jesus. He is the physical manifestation of the Son or Savior. Prior to his coming, the true God was unknown. Jesus came to bring knowledge (gnosis) to a suffering humanity that was desperately seeking God. By knowledge, the two elements which had been separated (i.e. the seeds and the angels) are joined.
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For those who doesn't understand what any of this means or why I'm posting a condensed version of
this condensed version of this
much longer page. I'll explain the most basic parts.
Our God, the God that created us, the God of the Bible and the supposed Ten Commandments and all those others, is not the only God, much less the all powerful God of which everything exists. Even more so, Jesus was most definitely not the Bible-God's son, but the true God's son, the Savior. (Or, if you want to be even more specific, the Son of the Savior, but he was a manifestation of the Savior so you can call him that). Oddly enough this is alluded to in the Bible in many places that many people are more than happy to overlook.
Oh well. Typing it all out helped explain it to me better, so that's all that matters. There's a lot more details outside of Valentinian tradition that gets into why our God was such a pissy little cockmonger in the Old Testament. (Cos he's dumb, and insane!) I might get into that stuff later.